Category: Forging Ahead

Our next public call-out for memories and stories to feed into BCLM: Forging Ahead will be for the Number 11, ‘Hawne’ branch of the Halesowen & Hasbury Industrial Co-operative Society on 19 November. Did you or anyone in your family shop at the Stourbridge Road shop in the late 1940s/early 1950s? Do you remember your Halesowen & Hasbury ‘divi’ number and where you collected your share from?  Did you shop at other Halesowen & Hasbury Co-ops? If you have anything you’d like to share, please pop in and see the Collections team in the Rolfe Street offices.

A bit about the Number 11, ‘Hawne’ branch

The very first co-operative shop was opened by the Rochdale Pioneers in Toad Lane, Rochdale in 1844.  The Halesowen & Hasbury Industrial Co-operative Society was founded in 1871, opening its first shop in Peckingham Street. By the outbreak of World War One they had five branches. After the war it attempted to expand its operations to embrace the new residential areas in towns like Quinton and Blackheath. The Hawne branch on the Stourbridge Road was its eleventh opening, in 1930, after a strong period of expansion, well positioned to serve the large-scale development of the Short Cross area of Halesowen.  The building, with its distinctive steep pitched roof and square frontage, was designed by local architect, Stanley Beach and built by a local contractor, Mr Tate.

Why the Co-op, and why this Co-op?

Co-op shops were popular in the Black Country, stocking household names as well as their own Co-op brands, such as Pelaw Polish, Lutona Cocoa and Silvox beef extract.  Phyllis Taylor, who shopped at the Wollescote branch and later worked at the Colley Gate shop, recalls “They did all their own stuff, Co-op soup and Co-op rice pudding, it was lovely, and it was always a couple of pence cheaper… 99 tea, it was the biggest brand going, we used to sell boxes and boxes.”

Like all shops, the Co-op was affected by wartime rationing, yet in this period the Co-operative nationally were at the forefront of introducing self-service shopping for the first time. Their first self-service store opened in 1942. The Halesowen & Hasbury Society experimented with self-service in three shops in 1949, one being the Hawne branch. It was promoted as a modern service, customers choosing their own products and not having to wait to be served.  There was some resistance from customers however. George Bishop, manager from 1958 at the Whiteheath, Oldbury branch, part of the Halesowen and Hasbury Society, said “People complained about the loss of personal contact with the introduction of self-service, but they soon got used to it.”

We’ll be launching our public call-out for memories and objects relating to the Elephant & Castle in the 1940s-60s next week (commencing 14 May).

Do you have any personal stories about the pub which stood on the corner of Stafford Street & Cannock Road, Wolverhampton until it was demolished in 2001? Did you or your family and friends drink there? Play dominoes there? Or just use it as a meeting place?

If you do have anything you would like to share to help in our recreation of the Elephant & Castle – one of the biggest recreations within BCLM: Forging Ahead -, please pop in and see the Collections team in the Rolfe Street offices.

A bit about the Elephant & Castle

The Elephant & Castle was the grand Edwardian pub that stood on the corner of Stafford Street and Cannock Road. There had been a pub on that corner since at least 1834, when Samuel Davis, maltster and retail brewer, was licensee. Situated on a main route into town, it must have been a popular coaching inn, and by 1905 its owners, Manchester Brewery Co. (at this point under the chairmanship of John Henry Davies, who also owned the newly-christened Manchester United Football Club), decided to demolish and rebuild it as a magnificent landmark for those coming into Wolverhampton. The pub was designed by J.F. Hickman and H.E. Farmer from Walsall – best known for their cinema and theatre designs – and constructed by Speake & Sons of Stafford Street, Wolverhampton. Its instantly-recognisable green and white frontage – a specialist form of ceramic brickwork known as faience – was constructed by the famous Gibbs and Canning of Tamworth, who built similar terracotta for the Natural History Museum and Royal Albert Hall in London, and well-known Black Country buildings like Horseley Heath Post Office, and the Midland Counties Dairy in Wolverhampton.

In 1907, Manchester Brewery was taken over by North Worcestershire Breweries, who were in turn acquired by Wolverhampton & Dudley Breweries in 1910, making the Elephant & Castle part of the Banks’s estate. By this time, Wolverhampton & Dudley were rapidly becoming one of the largest breweries in the region, competing with Mitchell’s & Butler’s huge Cape Hill brewery in Smethwick, and William Butler’s Springfield Brewery in Wolverhampton, as well as the multitude of small breweries and home-brew pubs in the Black Country. They went on to acquire other breweries, such as John Rolinson and Sons of Netherton, and the famous Julia Hanson’s of Dudley.

Little is currently known about The Elephant & Castle’s licensees in the post-war period. We believe that a Sydney Jones was in charge in the 1940s, and Doris May Davies in the 1960s.

The Elephant & Castle was typical of Edwardian pubs, with a public bar for the working class, and a separate Smoking Room, with slightly higher prices, for the middle classes – that way, managers could drink in the same pub without having to mix with their employees! The pub’s clientele was diverse, however. Wolverhampton was home to many thousands of Irish immigrants during the nineteenth century, many living in the Stafford Street area, and this was reflected by the Elephant & Castle’s Derry-born publican Patrick O’Kane in 1891. After World War Two, as local firms struggled to find the labour they needed, the Irish again formed the largest group of incomers, but they weren’t the only ones: colonial and Commonwealth citizens from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean also heeded the call for workers, and drinkers from all of these nations could be found in the Elephant & Castle. The pub’s sad decline in later years was capped by its unexpected demolition in 2001 – shortly before it could be considered for listing.

Why the Elephant & Castle?

It allows us to tell a multitude of stories of Black Country life from the 1940s-60s, including class divisions in pubs, pub games, drinks and stories of migration.

Upon completion in 2022, visitors will be able to experience life in the post-war by trying a pint in the public bar, retiring to the Smoking Room with a bag of scratchings, or by taking on the regulars at dominoes.